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Statistics about Internet voting in Estonia

Participation in voting

Elections Eligible voters Participating voters
(voters turned out)
Voter turnout
Parliamentary elections 2023 966129 613801 63,5%
Local elections 2021 1074046 587361 54,7%
European Parliament elections 2019 885417 332859 37,6%
Parliamentary elections 2019 887420 565045 63,7%
Local elections 2017 1100647 586519 53,3%
Parliamentary elections 2015 899793 577910 64,2%
European Parliament elections 2014 902873 329766 36,5%
Local elections 2013 1086935 630050 58,0%
Parliamentary elections 2011 913346 580264 63,5%
Local elections 2009 1094317 662813 60,6%
European Parliament elections 2009 909628 399181 43,9%
Parliamentary elections 2007 897243 555463 61,9%
Local elections 2005 1059292 502504 47,4%

 

Main indicators of I-voting

I-voting was first introduced during the local elections of 2005.

Elections I-voters I-votes cancelled (replaced with paper ballot) I-votes counted I-votes invalid (not valid due to a nonstandard of vote)  Multiple I-votes (replaced with I-vote)
Parliamentary elections 2023 313514 1332 312182 1 10787
Local elections 2021 275587 1966 273620 1 23598
European Parliament elections 2019 155521 73 155448 n/a 2555
Parliamentary elections 2019 247232 191 247041 n/a 6340
Local elections 2017 186034 163 185871 n/a 4527
Parliamentary elections 2015 176491 162 176329 1 4593
European Parliament elections 2014 103151 46 103105 n/a 2019
Local elections 2013 133808 146 133662 1 3045
Parliamentary elections 2011 140846 82 140764 n/a* 4384
Local elections 2009 104413 100 104313 n/a 2373
European Parliament elections 2009 58669 55 58614 n/a 910
Parliamentary elections 2007 30275 32 30243 n/a 789
Local elections 2005 9317 30 9287 n/a 364

* one invalid vote is depicted among cancelled votes 

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I-votes counted

 

Proportions of i-voting

The votes of voters permanently staying, as well as those temporarily staying, in foreign countries during Riigikogu and European Parliament elections have been taken into account in the proportion of I-votes cast in foreign countries. In municipal council elections, only voters temporarily staying in a foreign country can vote electronically in a foreign country, and only the I-votes cast by them have been taken into account in the proportion.

Elections I-voters among eligible voters I-voters among participating voters I-votes among advance votes I-votes cast abroad among I-votes (based on IP-address) No. of states
Parliamentary elections 2023 32,5% 51,1% 68,9% 7,8% 100
Local elections 2021 25,7% 46,9% 64,6% 4,1% 110
European Parliament elections 2019 17,6% 46,7% 69,4% 5,5% 109
Parliamentary elections 2019 27,9% 43,8% 71,4% 6,3% 143
Local elections 2017 16,9% 31,7% 60,6% 4,1% 115
Parliamentary elections 2015 19,6% 30,5% 59,6% 5,7% 116
European Parliament elections 2014 11,4% 31,3% 59,2% 4,7% 98
Local elections 2013 12,3% 21,2% 50,5% 4,2% 105
Parliamentary elections 2011 15,4% 24,3% 56,4% 3,9% 105
Local elections 2009 9,5% 15,8% 44,0% 2,8% 82
European Parliament elections 2009 6,5% 14,7% 45,4% 3,0% 66
Parliamentary elections 2007 3,4% 5,5% 17,6% 2,0% 51
Local elections 2005 0,9% 1,9% 7,2% n/a n/a
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I-voters among participating voters

 

Proportions of mobile ID and individual verification

Mobile ID was implemented in 2011, and the individual verification application was first used in 2013.

Elections I-voters voting via mobile-ID Mobile-ID I-votes among all I-votes Share of I-votes that were verified by the voter
Parliamentary elections 2023 13993 4,5% 5,5%
Local elections 2021 38570 14,0% 6,7%
European Parliament elections 2019 46819 30,1% 4,1%
Parliamentary elections 2019 72305 29,2% 5,3%
Local elections 2017 44211 23,8% 4,0%
Parliamentary elections 2015 22084 12,2% 4,3%
European Parliament elections 2014 11609 11,0% 4,0%
Local elections 2013 11753 8,6% 3,4%
Parliamentary elections 2011 2690 1,9% n/a

 

I-voters by age groups

Starting from 2017, 16–17-year-olds also have the right to vote in local elections. The age limit for voting in Riigikogu and European Parliament elections is 18.

Age group 16-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55‑64 65‑74 > 75
Parliamentary elections 2023 n/a 24569 55005 66269 63043 48947 32930 22751
Local elections 2021 4079 17194 46371 57490 55602 45806 30442 18603
European Parliament elections 2019 n/a 8624 28499 33097 31987 26864 16845 9605
Parliamentary elections 2019 n/a 18191 53781 55000 48750 37614 21197 12699
Local elections 2017 1989 12503 40930 42976 37041 27537 14654 8404
Parliamentary elections 2015 n/a 14727 44692 42070 32738 23277 11870 7117
European Parliament elections 2014 n/a 7036 23672 24672 19890 15429 8353 4099
Local elections 2013 n/a 11745 34778 32708 24587 17205 8236 4549
Parliamentary elections 2011 n/a 14851 39013 33438 25752 17195 7445 3152
Local elections 2009 n/a 11237 29889 24604 19557 12075 5065 1986
European Parliament elections 2009 n/a 5806 17167 13534 10962 7001 3184 1015
Parliamentary elections 2007 n/a 3394 9692 7063 5206 3029 1270 621
Local elections 2005 n/a 932 3104 2252 1595 844 382 208
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I-voters by age groups

 

I-voters by gender

Gender Men Women
Parliamentary elections 2023 141105 172409
Local elections 2021 125848 149739
European Parliament elections 2019 71152 84369
Parliamentary elections 2019 112538 134694
Local elections 2017 87987 98047
Parliamentary elections 2015 83560 92931
European Parliament elections 2014 50000 53151
Local elections 2013 63963 69845
Parliamentary elections 2011 65396 75450
Local elections 2009 49343 55070
European Parliament elections 2009 28879 29735
Parliamentary elections 2007 15681 14594
Local elections 2005 5061 4256
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I-voters by gender

 

I-voters by days

From 2021, I-voting is possible on six days. I-voting starts on Monday morning of election week and ends on Saturday evening.

Day 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Parliamentary elections 2023 63084 47406 41652 47802 49863 63707
Local elections 2021 43463 37449 37099 37439 49518 70619
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I-voters by days

Between 2009 and 2019, I-voting was available on seven days. I-voting started on the Thursday of the week preceding election week and ended on the Wednesday of election week.

Day 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
European Parliament elections 2019 28397 19286 10750 17117 25784 24905 29282
Parliamentary elections 2019 34668 25071 22611 29924 43204 48796 42958
Local elections 2017 31254 21620 15890 25046 26975 31976 33273
Parliamentary elections 2015 39039 24626 17133 20721 20847 25850 32868
European Parliament elections 2014 20145 11922 7080 10883 15070 17743 22324
Local elections 2013 20600 15360 9232 14930 20764 27133 28834
Parliamentary elections 2011 18676 19544 13541 18468 23179 23785 28037
Local elections 2009 19212 14211 8257 12888 17438 16297 18483
European Parliament elections 2009 12286 8123 3514 5279 9246 9592 11539

In 2005 and 2007, I-voting was available on three days. I-voting started on the Monday of election week and ended on Wednesday.

Day 1. 2. 3.
Parliamentary elections 2007 12907 9421 8736
Local elections 2005 3683 2967 3031

 

 

Number of I-voters by counties in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections

  2007 2011 2015 2019
Harju county 3 983 20 675 26 832 38 636
Hiiu county 274 1 510 1 891 2 755
Ida-Viru county 876 4 807 5 386 7 456
Jõgeva county 647 3 019 3 930 5 429
Järva county 846 3 844 4 552 6 235
Lääne county 600 2 943 3 609 3 969
Lääne-Viru county 1 151 5 920 7 421 10 922
Põlva county 621 3 030 3 794 4 779
Pärnu county 1 713 8 898 10 722 15 666
Rapla county 944 4 242 5 287 6 872
Saare county 811 4 110 5 388 7 417
Tartu county 960 5305 7 725 12 095
Valga county 576 2696 3 414 4 542
Viljandi county 1 185 5 295 6 501 8 968
Võru county 639 3 502 4 581 6 870
Tallinn city 11 656 48 241 58 711 80 196
Tartu city 2 674 11 614 14 000 20 078
Permanently abroad 119 1 195 2 747 4 347
Total 30 275 140 846 176 491 247 232

 

Number of I-voters by counties in local elections

  2005 2009 2013 2017
Harju county 1 137 14 407 19 281 28 586
Hiiu county 97 1 017 1 466 2 106
Ida-Viru county 358 5 344 5 602 8 649
Jõgeva county 188 2 234 3 015 4 307
Järva county 245 2 894 3 590 4 923
Lääne county 172 2 290 2 790 3 347
Lääne-Viru county 339 4 190 5 322 8 297
Põlva county 197 2 085 3 115 3 880
Pärnu county 453 6 490 7 847 11 294
Rapla county 243 2 797 3 621 4 868
Saare county 255 2 724 3 820 5 575
Tartu county 256 3 453 5 253 8 711
Valga county 209 2 030 2 725 3 839
Viljandi county 332 3 605 4 666 6 879
Võru county 218 2 507 3 606 5 915
Tallinn city 3 832 38 147 47 789 60 454
Tartu city 786 8 199 10 300 14 404
Total 9 317 104 413 133 808 186 034

 

Number of I-voters by counties in European Parliamentary elections

  2009 2014 2019
Harju county 8 503 15 901 24 597
Hiiu county 521 1 053 1 622
Ida-Viru county 2 122 2 878 4 274
Jõgeva county 1 122 1 957 3 026
Järva county 1 489 2 484 3 596
Lääne county 1 175 2 022 2 430
Lääne-Viru county 2 086 3 840 6 187
Põlva county 987 1 916 2 638
Pärnu county 3 349 5 609 9 107
Rapla county 1 556 2 802 3 991
Saare county 1 376 2 811 4 121
Tartu county 1 762 3 898 7 070
Valga county 1 006 1 721 2 590
Viljandi county 2 033 3 439 5 146
Võru county 1 223 2 289 3 907
Tallinn city 23 270 38 695 55 474
Tartu city 4 786 8 751 13 387
Permanently abroad 303 1 085 2 358
Total 58 669 103 151 155 521

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2023

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 130 072
Estonia 200 Party 52 574
Social Democratic Party 33 253
Estonian Centre Party 28 575
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 27 363
Isamaa Party 24 688
Parempoolsed Party 8 328
Estonian Greens 3 410
Estonian United Left Party 2 520
Independent candidates 1 398
Grand total 312 181

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2021

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 24 492
Estonian Centre Party 24 075
Estonia 200 Party 12 890
Social Democratic Party 9 633
Isamaa Party 7 501
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 6 213
Estonian Greens 2 776
Other 186 040
Grand total 273 620

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2019

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 54 501
Social Democratic Party 40 094
Isamaa Party 15 755
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 11 923
Estonian Centre Party 10 477
Estonia 200 Party 6 910
Estonian Greens 3 133
Richness of Life Party 1 492
Estonian United Left Party 58
Independent candidates 11 105
Grand total 155 448

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2019

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 98 732
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 33 302
Isamaa Party 31 014
Estonian Centre Party 28 826
Social Democratic Party 28 276
Estonia 200 Party 13 700
Estonian Greens 5 632
Richness of Life Party 3 799
Estonian Free Party 2 968
Estonian United Left Party 149
Independent candidates 643
Grand total 247 041

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2017

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 55 220
Social Democratic Party 25 283
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 18 855
Estonian Centre Party 18 722
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 11 219
Estonian Greens 2 369
Estonian United Left Party 138
Other 54 065
Grand total 185 871

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2015

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 66 283
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 30 299
Social Democratic Party 29 791
Estonian Free Party 21 129
Estonian Centre Party 13 437
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 12 167
Estonian Greens 2 118
Party of People's Unity 586
Estonian Independence Party 185
Estonian United Left Party 70
Independent candidates 263
Grand total 176 328

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2014

Party or independent candidates I-votes 
Estonian Reform Party 33 385
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 19 327
Indrek Tarand 16 003
Social Democratic Party 15 552
Teised Independent candidates 7 918
Estonian Centre Party 6 071
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 2 832
Other parties 2 017
Grand total 103 105

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2013

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 34 743
Estonian Reform Party 28 756
Social Democratic Party 19 790
Estonian Centre Party 12 442
Estonian Conservative People’s Party 2 214
Estonian United Left Party 3
Other 35 714
Grand total 133 662

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2011

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 52 015
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 35 735
Social Democratic Party 25 332
Estonian Centre Party 13 892
Estonian Greens 6 121
People's Union of Estonia 1 875
Estonian Christian Democrats 590
Russian Party in Estonia 779
Estonian Independence Party 463
Independent candidates 3 962
Grand total 140 764

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2009

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Indrek Tarand 18 905
Estonian Reform Party 11 759
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 10 113
Estonian Centre Party 6 388
Social Democratic Party 6 087
Estonian Greens 1 945
Martin Helme 1 105
Dimitri Klenski 773
People's Union of Estonia 769
Estonian Christian Democrats 177
Estonian United Left Party 169
Libertas Eesti Erakond 137
Russian Party in Estonia 128
Farmers' Union 60
Juri Žuravljov 42
Märt Õigus 42
Taira Aasa 15
Grand total 58 614

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2009

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 26 148
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 23 505
Estonian Centre Party 15 304
Social Democratic Party 11 173
Estonian Greens 2 128
People's Union of Estonia 1 382
Estonian Christian Democrats 204
Estonian Independence Party 42
Other 24 427
Grand total 104 313

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2007

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 10 438
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 8 067
Social Democratic Party 4 020
Estonian Greens 3 221
Estonian Centre Party 2 765
People's Union of Estonia 1 085
Estonian Christian Democrats 345
Constitution Party 120
Estonian Independence Party 91
Estonian Left Party 35
Russian Party in Estonia 30
Independent candidates 26
Grand total 30 243

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2005

Party or independent candidates I-votes
Estonian Reform Party 3 039
Pro Patria Union 1 629
Res Publica 965
Social Democratic Party 916
Estonian Centre Party 806
People's Union of Estonia 640
Estonian Christian People's Party 24
Estonian United People's Party 12
Estonian Independence Party 8
Estonian Left Party 6
Russian Party in Estonia 0
Other 1 242
Grand total 9 287