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Statistics about Internet voting in Estonia

Participation in voting

Elections

Eligible voters

Participating voters
(voters turned out)

Voter turnout (%)

European Parliament elections 2024

980014

368925

37,6

Parliamentary elections 2023

966129

613801

63,5

Local elections 2021

1074046

587361

54,7

European Parliament elections 2019

885417

332859

37,6

Parliamentary elections 2019

887420

565045

63,7

Local elections 2017

1100647

586519

53,3

Parliamentary elections 2015

899793

577910

64,2

European Parliament elections 2014

902873

329766

36,5

Local elections 2013

1086935

630050

58,0

Parliamentary elections 2011

913346

580264

63,5

Local elections 2009

1094317

662813

60,6

European Parliament elections 2009

909628

399181

43,9

Parliamentary elections 2007

897243

555463

61,9

Local elections 2005

1059292

502504

47,4

 

Main indicators of I-voting

I-voting was first introduced during the local elections of 2005.

Elections

I-voters

I-votes cancelled (replaced with paper ballot)

I-votes counted

I-votes invalid (not valid due to a nonstandard of vote) 

Multiple I-votes (replaced with I-vote)

European Parliament elections 2024

153848

578

153269

2

3627

Parliamentary elections 2023

313514

1332

312182

1

10787

Local elections 2021

275587

1966

273620

1

23598

European Parliament elections 2019

155521

73

155448

n/a

2555

Parliamentary elections 2019

247232

191

247041

n/a

6340

Local elections 2017

186034

163

185871

n/a

4527

Parliamentary elections 2015

176491

162

176329

1

4593

European Parliament elections 2014

103151

46

103105

n/a

2019

Local elections 2013

133808

146

133662

1

3045

Parliamentary elections 2011

140846

82

140764

n/a*

4384

Local elections 2009

104413

100

104313

n/a

2373

European Parliament elections 2009

58669

55

58614

n/a

910

Parliamentary elections 2007

30275

32

30243

n/a

789

Local elections 2005

9317

30

9287

n/a

364

* one invalid vote is depicted among cancelled votes 

I-votes counted

 

Proportions of i-voting

The votes of voters permanently staying, as well as those temporarily staying, in foreign countries during Riigikogu and European Parliament elections have been taken into account in the proportion of I-votes cast in foreign countries. In municipal council elections, only voters temporarily staying in a foreign country can vote electronically in a foreign country, and only the I-votes cast by them have been taken into account in the proportion.

Elections

I-voters among eligible voters (%)

I-voters among participating voters (%)

I-votes among advance votes (%)

I-votes cast abroad among I-votes (based on IP-address) (%)

No. of states

European Parliament elections 2024

15,7

41,7

60,1

5,5

106

Parliamentary elections 2023

32,5

51,1

68,9

7,8

100

Local elections 2021

25,7

46,9

64,6

4,1

110

European Parliament elections 2019

17,6

46,7

69,4

5,5

109

Parliamentary elections 2019

27,9

43,8

71,4

6,3

143

Local elections 2017

16,9

31,7

60,6

4,1

115

Parliamentary elections 2015

19,6

30,5

59,6

5,7

116

European Parliament elections 2014

11,4

31,3

59,2

4,7

98

Local elections 2013

12,3

21,2

50,5

4,2

105

Parliamentary elections 2011

15,4

24,3

56,4

3,9

105

Local elections 2009

9,5

15,8

44,0

2,8

82

European Parliament elections 2009

6,5

14,7

45,4

3,0

66

Parliamentary elections 2007

3,4

5,5

17,6

2,0

51

Local elections 2005

0,9

1,9

7,2

n/a

n/a

I-voters among participating voters

 

Proportions of mobile ID and individual verification

Mobile ID was implemented in 2011, and the individual verification application was first used in 2013.

Elections

I-voters voting via mobile-ID

Mobile-ID I-votes among all I-votes (%)

Share of I-votes that were verified by the voter (%)

European Parliament elections 2024

48264

31,4

9,9

Parliamentary elections 2023

13993

4,5

5,5

Local elections 2021

38570

14,0

6,7

European Parliament elections 2019

46819

30,1

4,1

Parliamentary elections 2019

72305

29,2

5,3

Local elections 2017

44211

23,8

4,0

Parliamentary elections 2015

22084

12,2

4,3

European Parliament elections 2014

11609

11,0

4,0

Local elections 2013

11753

8,6

3,4

Parliamentary elections 2011

2690

1,9

n/a

 

I-voters by age groups

Starting from 2017, 16–17-year-olds also have the right to vote in local elections. The age limit for voting in Riigikogu and European Parliament elections is 18.

Age group

16-17

18-24

25-34

35-44

45-54

55‑64

65‑74

> 75

European Parliament elections 2024

n/a

8709

19716

29423

33205

28395

20878

13522

Parliamentary elections 2023

n/a

24569

55005

66269

63043

48947

32930

22751

Local elections 2021

4079

17194

46371

57490

55602

45806

30442

18603

European Parliament elections 2019

n/a

8624

28499

33097

31987

26864

16845

9605

Parliamentary elections 2019

n/a

18191

53781

55000

48750

37614

21197

12699

Local elections 2017

1989

12503

40930

42976

37041

27537

14654

8404

Parliamentary elections 2015

n/a

14727

44692

42070

32738

23277

11870

7117

European Parliament elections 2014

n/a

7036

23672

24672

19890

15429

8353

4099

Local elections 2013

n/a

11745

34778

32708

24587

17205

8236

4549

Parliamentary elections 2011

n/a

14851

39013

33438

25752

17195

7445

3152

Local elections 2009

n/a

11237

29889

24604

19557

12075

5065

1986

European Parliament elections 2009

n/a

5806

17167

13534

10962

7001

3184

1015

Parliamentary elections 2007

n/a

3394

9692

7063

5206

3029

1270

621

Local elections 2005

n/a

932

3104

2252

1595

844

382

208

I-voters by age groups

 

I-voters by gender

Gender

Men

Women

European Parliament elections 2024

71967

81881

Parliamentary elections 2023

141105

172409

Local elections 2021

125848

149739

European Parliament elections 2019

71152

84369

Parliamentary elections 2019

112538

134694

Local elections 2017

87987

98047

Parliamentary elections 2015

83560

92931

European Parliament elections 2014

50000

53151

Local elections 2013

63963

69845

Parliamentary elections 2011

65396

75450

Local elections 2009

49343

55070

European Parliament elections 2009

28879

29735

Parliamentary elections 2007

15681

14594

Local elections 2005

5061

4256

I-voters by gender

 

I-voters by days

From 2021, I-voting is possible on six days. I-voting starts on Monday morning of election week and ends on Saturday evening.

Day

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

European Parliament elections 2024

22342

20140

19589

24224

29360

38193

Parliamentary elections 2023

63084

47406

41652

47802

49863

63707

Local elections 2021

43463

37449

37099

37439

49518

70619

I-voters by days

Between 2009 and 2019, I-voting was available on seven days. I-voting started on the Thursday of the week preceding election week and ended on the Wednesday of election week.

Day

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

European Parliament elections 2019

28397

19286

10750

17117

25784

24905

29282

Parliamentary elections 2019

34668

25071

22611

29924

43204

48796

42958

Local elections 2017

31254

21620

15890

25046

26975

31976

33273

Parliamentary elections 2015

39039

24626

17133

20721

20847

25850

32868

European Parliament elections 2014

20145

11922

7080

10883

15070

17743

22324

Local elections 2013

20600

15360

9232

14930

20764

27133

28834

Parliamentary elections 2011

18676

19544

13541

18468

23179

23785

28037

Local elections 2009

19212

14211

8257

12888

17438

16297

18483

European Parliament elections 2009

12286

8123

3514

5279

9246

9592

11539

In 2005 and 2007, I-voting was available on three days. I-voting started on the Monday of election week and ended on Wednesday.

Day

1.

2.

3.

Parliamentary elections 2007

12907

9421

8736

Local elections 2005

3683

2967

3031

 

 

Number of I-voters by counties in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections

Unit

2007

2011

2015

2019

Harju county

3 983

20 675

26 832

38 636

Hiiu county

274

1 510

1 891

2 755

Ida-Viru county

876

4 807

5 386

7 456

Jõgeva county

647

3 019

3 930

5 429

Järva county

846

3 844

4 552

6 235

Lääne county

600

2 943

3 609

3 969

Lääne-Viru county

1 151

5 920

7 421

10 922

Põlva county

621

3 030

3 794

4 779

Pärnu county

1 713

8 898

10 722

15 666

Rapla county

944

4 242

5 287

6 872

Saare county

811

4 110

5 388

7 417

Tartu county

960

5305

7 725

12 095

Valga county

576

2696

3 414

4 542

Viljandi county

1 185

5 295

6 501

8 968

Võru county

639

3 502

4 581

6 870

Tallinn city

11 656

48 241

58 711

80 196

Tartu city

2 674

11 614

14 000

20 078

Permanently abroad

119

1 195

2 747

4 347

Total

30 275

140 846

176 491

247 232

 

Number of I-voters by counties in local elections

Unit

2005

2009

2013

2017

Harju county

1 137

14 407

19 281

28 586

Hiiu county

97

1 017

1 466

2 106

Ida-Viru county

358

5 344

5 602

8 649

Jõgeva county

188

2 234

3 015

4 307

Järva county

245

2 894

3 590

4 923

Lääne county

172

2 290

2 790

3 347

Lääne-Viru county

339

4 190

5 322

8 297

Põlva county

197

2 085

3 115

3 880

Pärnu county

453

6 490

7 847

11 294

Rapla county

243

2 797

3 621

4 868

Saare county

255

2 724

3 820

5 575

Tartu county

256

3 453

5 253

8 711

Valga county

209

2 030

2 725

3 839

Viljandi county

332

3 605

4 666

6 879

Võru county

218

2 507

3 606

5 915

Tallinn city

3 832

38 147

47 789

60 454

Tartu city

786

8 199

10 300

14 404

Total

9 317

104 413

133 808

186 034

 

Number of I-voters by counties in European Parliamentary elections

Unit

2009

2014

2019

2024

Harju county

8 503

15 901

24 597

26 683

Hiiu county

521

1 053

1 622

1 771

Ida-Viru county

2 122

2 878

4 274

5 183

Jõgeva county

1 122

1 957

3 026

2 810

Järva county

1 489

2 484

3 596

3 346

Lääne county

1 175

2 022

2 430

2 449

Lääne-Viru county

2 086

3 840

6 187

6 100

Põlva county

987

1 916

2 638

2 509

Pärnu county

3 349

5 609

9 107

8 362

Rapla county

1 556

2 802

3 991

3 852

Saare county

1 376

2 811

4 121

4 247

Tartu county

1 762

3 898

7 070

7 891

Valga county

1 006

1 721

2 590

2 435

Viljandi county

2 033

3 439

5 146

4 926

Võru county

1 223

2 289

3 907

3 538

Tallinn city

23 270

38 695

55 474

51 669

Tartu city

4 786

8 751

13 387

13 040

Permanently abroad

303

1 085

2 358

2 458

Total

58 669

103 151

155 521

153 269

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2024

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party40 405
Social Democratic Party37 777
Isamaa Party32 926
Parempoolsed Party14 816
Estonian Conservative People’s Party10 502
Estonian Centre Party8 509
Estonia 200 Party5 063
KOOS Points to Sovereignty1 413
Estonian Greens1 104
Independent candidates753
Grand total153 268

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2023

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party130 072
Estonia 200 Party52 574
Social Democratic Party33 253
Estonian Centre Party28 575
Estonian Conservative People’s Party27 363
Isamaa Party24 688
Parempoolsed Party8 328
Estonian Greens3 410
Estonian United Left Party2 520
Independent candidates1 398
Grand total312 181

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2021

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party24 492
Estonian Centre Party24 075
Estonia 200 Party12 890
Social Democratic Party9 633
Isamaa Party7 501
Estonian Conservative People’s Party6 213
Estonian Greens2 776
Other186 040
Grand total273 620

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2019

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party54 501
Social Democratic Party40 094
Isamaa Party15 755
Estonian Conservative People’s Party11 923
Estonian Centre Party10 477
Estonia 200 Party6 910
Estonian Greens3 133
Richness of Life Party1 492
Estonian United Left Party58
Independent candidates11 105
Grand total155 448

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2019

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party98 732
Estonian Conservative People’s Party33 302
Isamaa Party31 014
Estonian Centre Party28 826
Social Democratic Party28 276
Estonia 200 Party13 700
Estonian Greens5 632
Richness of Life Party3 799
Estonian Free Party2 968
Estonian United Left Party149
Independent candidates643
Grand total247 041

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2017

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party55 220
Social Democratic Party25 283
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union18 855
Estonian Centre Party18 722
Estonian Conservative People’s Party11 219
Estonian Greens2 369
Estonian United Left Party138
Other54 065
Grand total185 871

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2015

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party66 283
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union30 299
Social Democratic Party29 791
Estonian Free Party21 129
Estonian Centre Party13 437
Estonian Conservative People’s Party12 167
Estonian Greens2 118
Party of People's Unity586
Estonian Independence Party185
Estonian United Left Party70
Independent candidates263
Grand total176 328

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2014

Party or independent candidatesI-votes 
Estonian Reform Party33 385
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union19 327
Indrek Tarand16 003
Social Democratic Party15 552
Teised Independent candidates7 918
Estonian Centre Party6 071
Estonian Conservative People’s Party2 832
Other parties2 017
Grand total103 105

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2013

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union34 743
Estonian Reform Party28 756
Social Democratic Party19 790
Estonian Centre Party12 442
Estonian Conservative People’s Party2 214
Estonian United Left Party3
Other35 714
Grand total133 662

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2011

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party52 015
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union35 735
Social Democratic Party25 332
Estonian Centre Party13 892
Estonian Greens6 121
People's Union of Estonia1 875
Estonian Christian Democrats590
Russian Party in Estonia779
Estonian Independence Party463
Independent candidates3 962
Grand total140 764

 

Result of I-voting in European Parliamentary elections in 2009

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Indrek Tarand18 905
Estonian Reform Party11 759
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union10 113
Estonian Centre Party6 388
Social Democratic Party6 087
Estonian Greens1 945
Martin Helme1 105
Dimitri Klenski773
People's Union of Estonia769
Estonian Christian Democrats177
Estonian United Left Party169
Libertas Eesti Erakond137
Russian Party in Estonia128
Farmers' Union60
Juri Žuravljov42
Märt Õigus42
Taira Aasa15
Grand total58 614

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2009

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party26 148
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union23 505
Estonian Centre Party15 304
Social Democratic Party11 173
Estonian Greens2 128
People's Union of Estonia1 382
Estonian Christian Democrats204
Estonian Independence Party42
Other24 427
Grand total104 313

 

Result of I-voting in Riigikogu (parliamentary) elections in 2007

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party10 438
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union8 067
Social Democratic Party4 020
Estonian Greens3 221
Estonian Centre Party2 765
People's Union of Estonia1 085
Estonian Christian Democrats345
Constitution Party120
Estonian Independence Party91
Estonian Left Party35
Russian Party in Estonia30
Independent candidates26
Grand total30 243

 

Result of I-voting in local elections in 2005

Party or independent candidatesI-votes
Estonian Reform Party3 039
Pro Patria Union1 629
Res Publica965
Social Democratic Party916
Estonian Centre Party806
People's Union of Estonia640
Estonian Christian People's Party24
Estonian United People's Party12
Estonian Independence Party8
Estonian Left Party6
Russian Party in Estonia0
Other1 242
Grand total9 287